- earth is a layered constanly moving
- tectonic plates (see voacb)
-tectonic plates drift=rifts
-midocean ridges–> up welling magma through crust
-subducction dense tin oncean paltes collide
-rock classifaction–>mineral content, grain size, orgin
-three types of rock (IGNEOUS, METAMORPHIC, SEDMENTAIRY)
-Ores offten occur as hote water acvity below ground
-major mining methods–> placer, underground, open pit, & strip
-mining= h20 contamination (acids, cyniade, murcury, sediments etc)
-mining=air pollution (adic fumes)
-only small % mineral recycled, recycling reduces evniromental damage
-mineral substution cam also be used
-geological hazards- earthqakes, tusanmis, landslides, volcanoes
